After placing over 150 Maremmas since 2016, I’ve learned that—after choosing the right breeder and ensuring proper socialization—how many dogs you get is one of the most important factors in your success or struggle.

Problem #1: Lonely, Stressed Dogs

Livestock Guardian Dogs are social animals. They were developed to work in packs, not alone.

Your LGD went from living with their mother, siblings, and multiple adult dogs—always having companionship—to suddenly being completely alone except for the animals they’re guarding.

And here’s what most people don’t understand: Livestock cannot meet a dog’s social needs.

Yes, your dog will bond with your goats, sheep, chickens, or cattle. They’ll protect them fiercely. But they can’t:

• Play appropriately with livestock (the way they can with another dog)
• Communicate in dog language with livestock
• Cuddle and sleep with livestock like they would with another dog
• Have their social needs met by animals with completely different behaviors and communication styles

You can’t snuggle with a chicken. You can’t wrestle with a goat (well, you can, but you shouldn’t).

Think of it this way: Would you take a person who’s lived with family their entire life and put them in solitary confinement just because you think it’s “simpler”?

That’s essentially what we’re asking the dog to do.

How this manifests:

• Excessive barking (the #1 complaint I get from single-dog owners)
• Inappropriate play with livestock (chasing, roughness from boredom)
• Escape attempts (literally looking for companionship)
• Anxiety-based behaviors
• General restlessness and stress

These aren’t training failures. They’re stress, anxiety and loneliness symptoms.

Problem #2: You Have Zero Backup If Something Goes Wrong

Picture this scenario:

It’s 2 AM. You wake up to frantic barking.

You run outside to find your dog has encountered a coyote near your chicken coop. Or a bobcat near your goat pen. Or, depending on where you live, a mountain lion or bear.

Your dog is injured. Deep lacerations. Possible broken bones. You rush them to the emergency vet.

Now you’re facing:

• Emergency vet bills (easily $2,000-$5,000+)
• Your dog is out of commission for weeks or months
• Your livestock is completely unprotected during recovery
• Either accepting additional losses or staying up all night yourself to watch
• Scrambling to find and pay for a second dog immediately, under pressure
• Potentially having to take whatever dog is available, not necessarily a good match

This scenario happens more often than you’d think with single dogs.

And it’s not because single dogs are bad at their job. It’s because:

Many predators work in packs. Coyotes are notorious for this—some draw the dog away while others go after the livestock. One dog can’t be in two places at once.

Some predators are too large for one dog. A mountain lion or bear can severely injure or kill even a large, brave LGD. Two dogs have a much better chance.

Dogs get injured, sick, or old. Even without predator attacks, dogs can tear a ligament, develop sudden illness, or simply age to the point where they need a younger partner to share the workload.

With two dogs, you have:

✓ Backup protection if one is injured or sick
✓ A functional team that can work different areas
✓ Better odds against large or multiple predators
✓ Insurance against the unexpected
✓ Dogs who support each other emotionally through the job

You’re not just buying dogs. You’re buying insurance for your livestock investment.

Problem #3: Adding a Second Dog Later Is HARDER Than Starting With Two

“Okay, Kim, I hear you. But what if I just get one dog now and add another in 6-12 months when I’m more experienced?”

This is the most common version of the “one dog” plan.

Here’s why it’s still not ideal:

The Age Matching Problem:

Right now, I have a wonderful 5-year-old female named Diana. She’s an excellent livestock guardian dog, great with livestock, and loves people. She’s lived her entire life working alongside other dogs she knows well.

Someone recently asked if they could take Diana home by herself now, then come back in 6-8 months for a puppy to add to their farm.

Here’s what I explained to them:

When you take a 5-year-old dog who has never been alone in her entire life and place her in a completely new situation by herself, here’s what she’s dealing with:

• Strange place (not her familiar territory)
• Strange livestock (different animals with different personalities)
• Strange people (even kind ones are strangers)
• Strange routines (everything works differently)
• Zero familiar companions (the one constant in her life—gone)

This is traumatic for a mature dog who’s spent her whole life in a stable pack environment.

Now, imagine 6 months later, you bring home a 12-week-old puppy.

Diana has finally adjusted to her new life. She’s settled into her routine, bonded to her livestock, and figured out her job.

Suddenly, there’s this hyper, playful puppy who wants to wrestle and play constantly.

Diana is 5 years old. She doesn’t want to play rough. She wants to work.

So what happens?

Option A: Diana gets annoyed and snaps at the puppy. Now you have aggression issues and a scared puppy.

Option B: Diana ignores the puppy completely. The puppy is lonely—back to the same problem that one dog alone creates.

Either way, neither dog is happy.

Age matching matters more than most people realize.

Two puppies close in age? Ideal. They grow up together, learn together, and play appropriately with each other.

Two adults who already get along? Also great. Established team, immediate protection.

One adult + one baby? Hardest possible scenario for both dogs. (Though still better than a single dog.)

The Bonding Problem:

Dogs from the same source who already know each other bond much more easily than strangers. When you add a dog from a different breeder or developmental stage, you’re asking two strangers to become a working team under stressful circumstances (new home, new livestock, new everything).

It can work, but it’s much harder than starting with dogs who already have an established relationship.

The Timeline Problem:

Your first dog is going to be alone and lonely for those 6-12 months (or longer). Why put them through that intentionally?

All the behavior problems I mentioned earlier—the barking, the chasing, the stress—your dog will experience those for months while you “wait to add the second dog.”

You’re not avoiding the two-dog reality. You’re just delaying it while one dog suffers.

Real Stories: What “Just One Dog” Actually Looks Like

These aren’t hypothetical scenarios. These are real dogs I’ve bred, real families I’ve worked with, and real outcomes—both heartbreaking and preventable.

Story #1: Nala – When Neighbors Become Threats

Years ago, I placed a 9-week-old puppy with a wonderful couple. They loved their animals, had a nice property, and wanted to do everything right.

They told me they only wanted one puppy to guard their chickens.

I mentioned they should consider two dogs, but I wasn’t as experienced then and was trying to respect their choice.

Within two weeks of bringing their puppy home, the owner was calling me.

The puppy was barking constantly. Day and night. The neighbors were already complaining.

“Why is she doing this?” the owner asked. “Is something wrong with her?”

Nothing was wrong with the puppy. She was just lonely and bored.

Think about it: This puppy went from living with her mom, siblings, and several adult dogs on my farm—always having playmates and company—to suddenly being completely alone except for chickens she couldn’t even play with.

She was a normal, social puppy doing what lonely, stressed puppies do: vocalizing her distress.

I explained this to the owner. I suggested ways to give the dog more attention, more enrichment. But it wasn’t enough. The barking continued because the core problem—that she was alone—remained.

By the time this puppy was 10 months old, the owner contacted me in tears.

A neighbor had covered their security camera and left a threatening note saying that if the barking didn’t stop, they would hurt the dog.

The owner had to choose: risk her dog’s safety or rehome her.

She brought the dog back to me. It was heartbreaking for everyone.

The puppy was confused—she didn’t understand why she was being abandoned.

The owner was devastated—she truly loved her dog but felt she had no choice.

And I was sad and frustrated—because this entire situation could have been prevented.

That dog stayed with me for six months before I found the right home for her. And when I say “the right home,” I mean a home that was getting TWO dogs.

She went to a wonderful family in Tennessee with another one of my adolescent dogs. They had ducks and goats. The dogs had each other. They had work to do. They had a loving family.

That dog—renamed Nala—thrived in her new home with her partner, Simba. Her owner tells me she’s an excellent guardian and deeply bonded to their family.

But here’s what stuck with me: When the transport company came to pick the dogs up for the trip to Tennessee, I saw pure fear in Nala’s eyes as she was being loaded into the crate. She thought it was happening again—another abandonment, another loss.

Dogs remember. These experiences affect them.

The happy ending came only because the second family did what I’d recommended from the start: They got two dogs.

The first family would likely still have their beloved dog if they’d made that same choice.

💔 This family loved their dog. They did everything else right. The ONLY mistake was starting with one dog. That single decision cost them their dog and their livestock’s safety, since they could no longer keep their LGD.

Story #2: Daxo & Maggie – The $5,000+ “Bargain”

A woman named Cristi contacted me a couple of years ago about getting a Maremma for her Indiana homestead. She’d done her research, loved what she learned about my program, and we had great conversations.

But then she decided to look for something closer to home. My dogs are more expensive, and shipping from California to Indiana adds even more cost.

She found a breeder much closer who had a year-and-a-half-old female named Maggie available. The price was lower than a dog her age from me (but higher than a puppy from me would have been), and the location was convenient. It seemed like the logical choice.

Within 48 hours of bringing Maggie home, Cristi knew she’d made a terrible mistake.

Maggie was barking aggressively at her husband. She was chasing the livestock. She was completely unsocialized and not at all what Cristi had been promised.

Desperate, Cristi contacted that breeder for help.

Here’s what shocked me: That breeder told Cristi she couldn’t help her, but that she should contact ME because I was “the expert on the breed and livestock guardian dogs.”

So another breeder was referring her own struggling client to me. (This has happened more than once, by the way.)

I gave Cristi a consultation. As we talked, I realized Maggie’s main problem wasn’t just poor socialization from her breeder. It was that Maggie had lived her entire year-and-a-half with other Maremmas and had never been alone.

Sound familiar? It’s the same core issue I keep talking about.

Maggie was insecure, stressed, and acting out because she was suddenly isolated. She needed a partner.

I had a neutered male named Daxo who was about the same age—sweet, well-socialized, and a good match for Maggie. Cristi decided to buy him.

Then the shipping disaster happened.

Due to airline computer issues, Daxo missed his first flight. Then his connection. Then another connection.

Cristi drove six hours to Chicago to pick him up, expecting a smooth arrival. Instead, she sat in the airport for hours waiting while he was rerouted.

By the time Daxo arrived, he’d been in his crate for over 24 hours straight without being let out.

Cristi finally got him, drove six hours home, and put him in the barn area we’d planned for.

The next morning, Daxo wouldn’t let her near him.

He was terrified. Traumatized. When she tried to approach, he growled—not aggressively, but in warning: Stay away. I don’t know you. I’m scared.

She called me in a panic.

Here’s what Daxo was experiencing:

• Traumatic 24+ hour journey in a crate
• Strange place (Indiana looks nothing like California)
• Strange people
• Strange livestock
• And a strange dog (Maggie), he didn’t know

Everything was strange. Nothing was safe or familiar.

For a week, Daxo wouldn’t eat. Wouldn’t take treats. Wouldn’t come near Cristi.

I talked her through it step by step:

• Bring Maggie near him so he could see another dog
• Sit in the pasture petting Maggie so he’d see Maggie trusted Cristi
• Work around the property where he could see her from a distance
• Give him time and space

God bless Cristi. She was patient. She was consistent. She followed every suggestion.

After about two weeks, Daxo finally decided to trust her. She was able to leash him, walk him around the property. Suddenly, he realized she was his person. Maggie was his partner. This was home.

Today, Cristi tells me Daxo is “the most amazing dog in the world.” She absolutely adores him.

But here’s the kicker:

Maggie—the “cheaper, more convenient” dog—never became a reliable livestock guardian. She still chases livestock and cats. She’s friendly with people, but as Cristi puts it, “a nice-looking pet.”

Daxo—despite the traumatic start—is an excellent working LGD.

Cristi wrote in her Google review:

“I wish I had gotten both dogs from Kim in the first place. Knowing what I know now, going through the experience of having a dog that just didn’t fit our lifestyle is so exhausting AND costly. Our boy literally came as a Plug-N-Play model; he’s just THAT good because Kim listened to our wishlist and understood our needs.”

The “savings” from buying cheaper and closer actually cost her:

• A dog that doesn’t work ($3,000 for an expensive pet)
• Months of stress and training struggles
• The expense of buying a second dog anyway ($3,500 for an older dog from me)
• Shipping complications and extra travel for two separate adult dogs ($3000+ plus her time)
• The emotional toll of Daxo’s difficult adjustment
• Total: $9500+ PLUS months/years of struggle and one dog that still doesn’t work

If Cristi had bought two puppies from me initially:

• They’d have grown up together ($6,000 – my price for two puppies under 4 months at that time)
• Traveled together (less trauma) (~$1500 shipping – younger puppies are cheaper to ship)
• Bonded immediately in their new home
• Both would have been properly socialized as LGDs
• She wouldn’t have one failed dog and one traumatized-then-recovered dog
• Daxo was already neutered so that saved her roughly $1000
• Total: ~$6500 with two reliable livestock guardians from day one

She also said: “Will we go anywhere else for our third attempt? Absolutely not.”

Story #3: Hansel & Gretyl – When Owners Listen (Eventually)

A family came to me for a puppy to guard their goats and chickens. Despite my recommendation, they started with just one—a male they named Hansel.

Hansel was a great puppy. They loved him.

But around 10-11 months old, they started noticing issues:

• Excessive barking (boredom)
• Chasing the chickens (trying to play)
• General restlessness and loneliness

They realized I’d been right. He needed a partner.

They came back and got a female puppy from a litter born just one month after Hansel’s litter. The puppies were actually cousins—related but not from the same litter.

They named her Gretyl.

Here’s what the owners told me when they brought Gretyl home:

“Those two dogs immediately bonded. It was like they remembered each other—and they probably did since they spent time together here as young puppies. They were SO happy to see each other. Both dogs improved dramatically with the livestock because now they had each other to play with instead of Hansel being bored and chasing goats.”

The happy ending came quickly because:

• Both dogs came from the same breeder (me)
• They were close in age (only one month apart)
• They already had some history together
• The addition happened while both were still young

But when I asked these owners if they’d do it the same way again, they said they’d probably just start with two puppies from the beginning.

Why go through those months of struggle if you don’t have to?

Story 4: Lucy – When Loneliness Becomes Dangerous

One year, a man in Massachusetts reserved a single puppy from me to guard his chickens. Of course, I recommended two dogs for all the reasons I’ve outlined here. He only wanted one.

The puppy’s name was Lucy. She was five months old when she finally went to her new home (airlines weren’t shipping during the summer, so she stayed with me longer than usual).

Lucy had lived her entire five months surrounded by other dogs—her parents, littermates, and several adult Maremmas. She’d never been alone.

Within days of arriving at her new home, the owner contacted me. Lucy didn’t seem happy in the pasture. She was trying to escape.

I explained that she was confused and distressed. She’d gone from living with a pack of dogs to suddenly being completely alone with only chickens.

This is exactly what I’d warned would happen.

But then something occurred that had never happened before in all my years of breeding.

A couple of days after Lucy arrived at her new home, I got a frantic voicemail from the owner: Lucy had busted through the pasture fence and run away. He had no idea where she was.

I was immediately terrified. A five-month-old puppy running loose on her own—anything could happen.

Before I could even call him back, my phone rang again.

It was the ASPCA shelter in Massachusetts.

Someone had found Lucy running loose and brought her to the shelter. When they scanned her microchip, my name came up (I microchip all puppies before they leave, and I’m always listed as backup contact).

The shelter was confused about why a California breeder’s name was on a dog found in Massachusetts, but they called me anyway.

I immediately explained the situation: I was the breeder, the dog had just been sold days ago, and the owner was frantically searching for her.

I got the shelter information and called the owner right back. He was so relieved. The shelter was only 30 minutes away. He drove down and picked Lucy up.

Then we had a difficult conversation.

He was worried Lucy would escape again. I told him he had every right to be worried—if she’d done it once, she’d likely do it again.

I explained (again) that this is exactly why I’d recommended two dogs. Lucy didn’t understand why she was alone. She’d always had her Maremma family. Being in a strange place with no familiar dogs or people was confusing and frightening.

She was so desperate for companionship that she’d risked everything to escape and find it.

I told him the only safe option was to temporarily bring Lucy into the house. I rarely suggest bringing LGDs inside—that’s not how they learn to bond with livestock. But it was too dangerous to leave her outside. She was lonely, scared, and clearly willing to risk her life to escape.

Bringing her inside would at least let her bond with him, adjust to her new place with his reassurance, and hopefully then transition back outside with the chickens once she felt secure.

But I also told him: She needed another dog. This escape proved it.

He said he’d think about getting another dog later.

I’ve never heard from him again.

So I can only assume one of two things:

1. Lucy is still living a sad, lonely, miserable life as a single livestock guardian dog with only chickens for companionship, or
2. He gave up on the livestock guardian plan, and she became a house pet who occasionally spends time with chickens

I hope it’s option 2. The thought of her still living completely alone outside is too heartbreaking.

But here’s what haunts me most:

Lucy was lucky. Incredibly lucky.

Some kind person found her and brought her to the shelter (instead of keeping her or hurting her). She was microchipped (so she could be identified). The shelter scanned her and called me. The owner was able to retrieve her quickly. She wasn’t hit by a car. She wasn’t stolen. She didn’t get lost and end up starving on the streets. She didn’t encounter a predator while running loose.

Any of those things could have happened. The owner could have lost the dog he paid thousands of dollars for and shipped across the country. Lucy could have died.

All because she was so desperately lonely that she risked her life to escape.

I know this without a doubt: If Lucy had gone to that farm with one of her siblings—as I recommended from the start—none of this would have happened.

She never would have been in danger.

The owner never would have risked losing his investment.

And Lucy would be a happier dog today.

Instead, she’s either still suffering alone or living as a house pet because the livestock guardian plan failed.

This isn’t just about behavior problems. This isn’t just about barking or chasing livestock.

This is about dogs becoming so desperate for companionship that they put themselves in life-threatening danger.

Your dog won’t tell you they’re lonely. They’ll show you—by escaping, by developing behavior problems, by shutting down emotionally, or by simply existing in quiet misery.

Don’t let your dog become another Lucy.

What You’re Accepting:

1. Your dog WILL be lonely and stressed

• This isn’t speculation. It’s biology.
• LGDs are social animals bred to work in packs
• Livestock cannot meet a dog’s social needs
• You cannot be with your dog 24/7
• The stress will manifest in behavior

2. Behavior problems are LIKELY, not just possible

• Excessive barking (the #1 complaint I get from single-dog owners)
• Inappropriate play with livestock (chasing, roughness from boredom)
• Escape attempts (literally looking for companionship – this happened to Lucy, another single dog placement who was so distraught at being alone that she escaped and ran away. Luckily, I microchipped her before she left the farm, and she was found and reunited with her owner.
• Anxiety-based behaviors
• Depression and listlessness
• These aren’t training failures—they’re stress, anxiety and loneliness symptoms

3. You have zero backup if something goes wrong

• Dog gets injured: livestock unprotected for weeks/months
• Dog gets sick: livestock unprotected
• Dog in heat (females): potential behavior changes, no backup
• Predator kills or injures your dog: total loss of protection
• You’re betting your entire investment and your livestock’s safety on ONE animal

4. Adding a second dog later is HARDER than starting with two

• Age matching matters (adult + baby = problematic)
• Dogs from different sources may not bond well
• Your first dog has already learned to work alone (harder to adapt to a partner)
• Integration takes time and significant effort
• May not work at all with some dogs (especially some adults)
• You’re essentially starting over with introductions and team-building

5. If your dog struggles, I will say, “I told you so.”

• Not to be mean, but because I warned you extensively
• And because I’ll be helping you problem-solve completely preventable issues
• And because you’ll eventually need to add a second dog anyway
• And because I care about telling you what you want to hear less than I care about dogs not suffering

What I WON’T Do:

✗ Tell you it’s going to be fine when statistics, science and my extensive experience say it won’t be
✗ Pretend the struggles you’ll face are unrelated to having one dog
✗ Take responsibility for problems I explicitly warned you about
✗ Sugarcoat reality to make a sale
✗ Compromise the dog’s welfare for your convenience

I’d rather lose your business than set you and the dog up for failure.

If you’re determined to start with one dog, at least go into it with eyes wide open. Read every story above. Watch the video again. Accept the risks. Have a backup plan.

And when (not if) you realize you need a second dog, contact me. I’ll help you find the right match.

But please—save yourself the struggle, save your dog the stress, and just start with two.

“Can I Just Add a Second Dog in 6-12 Months?”

I addressed this in Problem #3 above, but let me be even more specific:

The age-matching challenge:

• Puppies need puppy playmates (6-8 months old with 6-8 months old = perfect)
• Adults need adult companions (3+ years with 3+ years = compatible energy)
• Juveniles work well together (1-2 years with 1-2 years = good match)
• Some mature juveniles (over a year old) do well with a patient adult dog or an older puppy (6 months plus)
• Mixing these is usually problematic: Adult + baby = frustrated adult, lonely puppy – the worst choice in most cases

The integration challenge:

• Dogs who grow up together bond naturally
• Dogs introduced as strangers require careful, time-intensive integration
• Some adult dogs simply won’t accept a new partner
• You’re gambling on compatibility (and potential injuries from fights) instead of ensuring it from the start

The timeline reality: Your first dog will be alone and struggling for 6-12 months minimum. That’s 6-12 months of:

• Loneliness and stress
• Developing bad habits that are harder to break (chasing stock can become a motor pattern they can’t outgrow)
• Potential neighbor complaints about barking (not to mention it will drive you nuts)
• Livestock harassment from boredom
• Your own frustration and second-guessing

Why put everyone through that intentionally?

Better options:

• Wait until you CAN get two puppies, then get two
• Get a bonded adult pair instead (immediate protection, no puppy chaos, already a team)
• Get an adult + a 1-2 year old who already know each other from my farm

These options give you two dogs without the “two baby puppies” overwhelm—but still avoid the single dog problem.

“What About Littermate Syndrome?”

Short answer: Littermate syndrome isn’t real.

Long answer:

“Littermate syndrome” is a term used to describe supposed problems that arise from raising two puppies from the same litter together. The claim is that they’ll become too bonded to each other and won’t bond with you, or they’ll develop behavior problems.

Here’s the truth:

There are no scientific studies that support “littermate syndrome” as a real phenomenon.

What people call “littermate syndrome” is actually:

• Poor training (not training each dog individually)
• Poor socialization (not exposing each dog to experiences separately)
• Normal puppy behavior (that would happen with one puppy, too, just amplified with two)

Show dog breeders raise entire litters together with no issues. I’ve raised dozens of puppies in groups with no “littermate syndrome.”

What IS real: Training two puppies requires intention and structure.

You need to:

• Train each dog individually (separate training sessions and group sessions)
• Socialize each dog properly
• Also, allow them to be together (for bonding and play)
• Provide adequate exercise and mental stimulation

Is this more work than one puppy? In some ways, yes. In other ways, no.

Is it “littermate syndrome”? No. It’s just basic puppy training multiplied by two.

The question isn’t “Will two puppies cause problems?”

The real question is: “Are you willing to put in the basic training work that any puppy needs—and do it with two dogs instead of one?”

If yes, two puppies together is actually easier than one puppy alone, because:

• They entertain each other (you’re not their only source of stimulation)
• They burn energy together (safely, with appropriate play)
• They are less likely to harass stock out of boredom
• They are less likely to bark excessively out of boredom and insecurity
• They’re less demanding of your constant attention
• They develop confidence together
• They’re happier and more mentally balanced

I’d take two puppies who have each other over one lonely, bored puppy any day.

“Won’t Two Dogs Be Overwhelming?”

I understand this concern. Two puppies sound like chaos, right?

But here’s what actually happens:

One lonely puppy is:

• Constantly seeking your attention (because they’re bored and lonely)
• Requiring YOU to be a playmate/companion
• Unable to burn energy appropriately (can’t play rough with stock)
• More likely to develop behavior problems (barking, chasing, escaping)
• Generally more anxious and needy
• More demanding of your time and energy

Two puppies together are:

• Entertaining each other (you’re not their only source of fun)
• Burning energy together (safely, with appropriate play)
• Less demanding of your constant attention
• Supporting each other emotionally through challenges
• More confident and stable
• Learning from each other
• Actually easier on you because they have each other

Plus, consider this:

With one dog, you’re going through:

• Puppyhood once
• Adolescence once
• Training challenges once
• Then, doing it ALL OVER AGAIN when you add the second dog

With two puppies together, you’re going through:

• Puppyhood ONCE (both at the same time)
• Adolescence ONCE (both at the same time)
• Training challenges ONCE (learning to train two doesn’t take twice as long)
• And then you’re done

You’re not avoiding the work. You’re just spreading it out over more time and more stress.

Would you rather:

• Have one focused period of intensive puppy raising, then be done with two trained dogs?
• Or have multiple separate years of puppy chaos, with gaps of single-dog struggles in between?

Two puppies together is the more efficient path.

“I Can’t Afford Two Dogs”

I hear this often. Let’s look at real numbers:

TWO PUPPIES UPFRONT:

• Two puppies from PPF: $7000
• Shipping together: ~$1500-2500
• Total first year: ~$8500-9,500
• Result: Two healthy, well-socialized, bonded working dogs

ONE DOG ROUTE (what actually happens):

• Initial puppy: $3,500
• Shipping: $1500
• Extra vet visits for stress-related issues: $500
• Training help for behavior problems: $500-1,000
• Livestock losses while the dog is alone/struggling: $??? (could be thousands)
• Neighbor complaint stress: priceless (and dangerous – remember Nala’s story)
• Second dog eventually (because you’ll need one): $3500
• Second shipping: $1500
• Integration training/challenges: $200-500
• Time spent managing problems: countless hours
• Emotional toll: significant
• Total: $11,200-12,000+ PLUS months/years of struggle
• Result: One dog that struggled unnecessarily, one added later under less than ideal circumstances, and you’re exhausted

See the pattern?

The “I can’t afford two” argument often means “I can’t afford the upfront cost.”

But can you afford the total cost of one dog done wrong?

The reality: You’re likely going to pay for two dogs eventually. (Unless you want a dog that suffers for their entire life.) The question is whether you pay smartly (two together from the start) or expensively (one now + one later + all the problems in between).

If the budget is genuinely tight, consider:

• A bonded adult pair (immediate protection and no puppy chaos)
• Adjusting your timeline to save up for two puppies
• Waiting until you can do it right rather than doing it wrong because you can’t wait

But don’t compromise on quantity to save money short-term. That short-term saving creates long-term cost.

The cheapest option is the one that works the first time.

“What If I Already Have Another Dog?”

This depends entirely on what kind of dog you already have:

If you have a companion dog (non-LGD):

• Your LGD needs an LGD partner, not a pet dog
• Companion dogs don’t have livestock guardian temperaments and instincts
• They may actually be harmful if your companion dog chases or harasses stock
• Your LGD might prefer the companion dog over their livestock (bad for guarding)
• The companion dog likely won’t meet the LGD’s working/social needs

Can they coexist? Yes, often.
Can the companion dog replace an LGD partner? No.

If you already have an LGD from another source:

This can work, but success depends heavily on:

• Age of current dog (puppy, juvenile, adult, senior?)
• Temperament (social, dominant, dog-aggressive, dog-friendly?)
• Quality of training/socialization (well-adjusted or struggling?)
• How well they’re currently working (thriving or having issues?)
• Where did they come from (quality breeding program or questionable source)?

Adding a second dog to an existing LGD:

✓ Can work beautifully if dogs are compatible

✓ Requires careful matching of temperaments

✓ May need an integration period

✓ Some adult dogs won’t accept a new partner

We’ll need to discuss your specific situation in a consultation so I can help you choose a dog that will be compatible with your existing LGD.

Important note: If your current LGD is struggling (barking, chasing stock, anxious), adding a partner might help significantly. Loneliness could be the root cause. But the careful selection of the right dog from the right breeder is crucial.

“I Was Told to Get an Older Dog to Mentor a Young Puppy.”

This is extremely common advice. And it CAN work in some situations.

But it’s actually one of the hardest pairings, not the easiest.

Here’s why:

The adult dog’s perspective:

• A mature adult (3-5+ years old) is past the puppy play stage
• They want to work, patrol, rest—not wrestle with a hyper baby
• Adding a demanding puppy to their routine is stressful
• If they’ve never been alone before, they’re ALREADY stressed from the new home
• Now they have to deal with an annoying baby on top of everything else

What typically happens:

Scenario A: Adult gets annoyed, snaps at puppy, potentially injures puppy, or creates fear/aggression issues

Scenario B: Adult ignores puppy completely, puppy is still lonely, defeating the entire purpose of having two dogs

Scenario C (rare): Adult is extremely patient and tolerates puppy, but still isn’t playful enough to meet puppy’s needs

The puppy’s perspective:

• Puppies need playmates with puppy energy
• A 12-week-old wants to chase, wrestle, play-bite, and zoom around
• An adult does NOT want to do these things
• Puppy either gets hurt (very bad), rejected (sad), or gives up trying (also sad)
• Either way, the puppy’s social needs aren’t met

Much better pairings:

• Two puppies close in age (ideal – they match energy perfectly)
• Adult (3-5 years) + juvenile (1-2 years) (compatible energy, juvenile still playful enough)
• Bonded pair who already know each other (established relationship regardless of age)

The “older dog mentoring puppy” advice assumes:

• The adult dog is naturally patient and tolerant (very few adult dogs actually like puppies, and some can be very aggressive towards them)
• The adult dog is already settled and confident in your home
• The adult dog will “train” the puppy. (This is largely a myth. Puppies do learn from watching adults, but most adult dogs do not “correct” puppies when they chase livestock. You still have to train your puppy, and now you have a puppy with no playmate to entertain it.

What this advice misses:

• The adult dog’s adjustment challenges
• The age/energy mismatch
• The loneliness factor for the puppy
• The potential for your puppy to be hurt by your adult dog
• The potential for your puppy to develop fear or aggression issues from being bullied by an older dog that doesn’t want to be a babysitter
• The stress on both dogs

If you want the benefit of an experienced dog without the work of raising two puppies, get a bonded adult or adolescent pair. Both dogs are mature, they already work together, and they have an established relationship. That’s a truly viable solution.

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The Right Way to Do This

After everything you’ve read, here’s what I recommend based on years of data and hundreds of placements:

✓ BEST OPTION: Two Puppies Close in Age

Why this works:

• Grow up together from the start
• Play appropriately with matching energy levels
• Learn together, develop together
• No integration challenges (they’re bonded from day one)
• Support each other through every life stage
• Natural, seamless team development

Best for:

• First-time LGD owners, willing to put in training time
• People who want to raise dogs from scratch and bond with young puppies (often the best choice for families with young children)
• Situations where there will be frequent  visitors on the farm (socialize them to accept this from day
• Situations where immediate protection isn’t critical
• Anyone who wants the strongest possible bond between dogs

Timeline:

• Protection develops around 12-18 months
• Full maturity around 2-3 years
• But they’re functional and helpful well before that

✓ SECOND BEST: Bonded Adult Pair

Why this works:

• Already an established team
• Immediate protection (no waiting for puppies to mature)
• No puppy chaos (they’re past that stage)
• Proven working ability
• Know each other’s communication and working style

Best for:

• People who need protection NOW
• Those who don’t want to deal with puppy raising
• Experienced dog owners
• Situations with high predator pressure
• Anyone who wants functional dogs from day one

Timeline:

• Immediate protection (they’re already trained)
• Adjustment period to the new place (2-6 weeks typically)
• But they have each other during the adjustment

Adult dogs may have a harder time initially adjusting to a new home and need patience and understanding

✓ ACCEPTABLE: Adult + Juvenile (1-2 years apart) Who Already Know Each Other

Why this works:

• Some age gap, but not extreme
• A juvenile is closer to the energy level of an adult than a puppy would be
• Juvenile may bond better with new families
• Adult provides calm influence
• Established relationship before placement
• Good energy compatibility

Best for:

• People who want some maturity but also some youthful energy
• Those who need fairly immediate protection (juvenile already helpful)
• Situations where perfect age matching isn’t available
• Anyone who wants a “best of both worlds” approach

✗ NOT RECOMMENDED: Single Dog (Any Age)

Why this doesn’t work:

• All the problems outlined above
• Loneliness, stress, behavior issues
• No backup for injuries/illness
• You’ll eventually need a second dog anyway
• Harder on everyone (dog, you, livestock)

Only consider if:

• You already have a compatible LGD and are adding a partner
• You understand and accept all the risks outlined above
• You have a concrete plan for adding a second dog within 6 months
• You’re prepared for behavior challenges

✗ NOT RECOMMENDED: Adult + Baby Puppy

Why this is problematic:

• Extreme age/energy mismatch
• An adult doesn’t want to play with a baby
• Puppy’s needs not met (still lonely)
• Stressful for adults (especially if in a new home)
• Integration is harder than people expect

Only works if:

• Adult is exceptionally patient and puppy-tolerant
• Adult is already completely settled in your home (not a new placement)
• You understand puppy may need another younger dog
• You’re prepared for potential conflict

✗ NOT RECOMMENDED: Two Adults Who Don’t Know Each Other

Why this is risky:

• Adult dogs can be picky about partners
• No established relationship to lean on during adjustment
• Both are dealing with new place/people/livestock stress
• Integration requires careful management
• May simply not get along (personality clash)
• Could result in fighting, injuries, or complete failure

Only works if:

• Both dogs are very social and adaptable
• You have experience integrating adult dogs
• You’re prepared for potential failure and have a backup plan
• You work with a breeder who knows both dogs’ temperaments well (or can match your already existing dog with a compatible partner)
• You work with a breeder who is a certified dog trainer and can assit with any integration issues between the dogss

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if two dogs will get along?

When you get two puppies from me close in age, they already know each other from living together here. They’ve established a relationship before they ever go to your home. That’s the easiest path.

For adult dogs, I know my dogs’ personalities extremely well. I can tell you who gets along with whom, who’s dominant, who’s submissive, who’s playful, and who’s serious. When I recommend a bonded pair, it’s because I’ve watched them work together successfully here.

This is why getting dogs from the same breeder who knows them both is so much better than trying to pair dogs from different sources.

What if I can only handle one puppy at a time emotionally?

I completely understand feeling overwhelmed by the idea of two puppies.

Consider these alternatives:

• Bonded adult pair: No puppy chaos, immediate protection, already trained
• Adult + yearling: One mature dog, one younger but past crazy puppy stage
• Wait 6 months: Save up, prepare mentally, then get two puppies when you’re ready

Don’t compromise on quantity or quality just because timing isn’t perfect right now. Adjust your timeline instead.

Can I get one dog from you and one from another breeder?

I strongly discourage this.

Dogs from different breeders:

• Don’t know each other (no existing bond)
• May have completely different socialization experiences
• Could have incompatible temperaments
• One may be well-bred, the other not (quality mismatch)
• Integration is much harder
• If there are problems, whose responsibility is it?

Remember Cristi’s story: She got Maggie from another breeder (who failed her before and after the sale), then Daxo from me. Maggie never became a working dog. Daxo did, but his adjustment was traumatic.

Get both dogs from the same breeder, who knows both dogs and can ensure compatibility.

What’s the best age gap between dogs?

Ideal age gaps:

• 0-3 months apart: Perfect (essentially the same age, same life stage)
• 4-6 months apart: Very good (still compatible play style)
• 6-12 months apart: Acceptable (some difference but workable)
• 1-2 years apart: Okay if dogs already know each other and have compatible energy
• 2-3 years apart: Challenging unless both dogs are very adaptable
• 3+ years apart: Generally not recommended (too much energy mismatch)

Exception: Two mature adults (both 3+ years) can work well together regardless of specific age gap, as long as they’re both past the hyper puppy/juvenile stage.

Should I get two males, two females, or one of each?

General guidance:

Male + female: Often the easiest pairing, most natural. But requires neutering/spaying to avoid breeding and heat cycle issues.

Two males: Often work very well together, especially if neutered. Males tend to be less territorial with each other than females.

Two females: Can work, but females can be more territorial and selective about partners. When it works, it works great. When it doesn’t, it can be disastrous.

My recommendation: Let me help you choose based on the individual dogs’ temperaments rather than just gender. Personality compatibility matters more than sex in most cases.

I’ll tell you which specific dogs get along well based on my observations of them working together here.

How much more work is two dogs vs one?

Counterintuitively: Sometimes LESS work.

One lonely dog requires:

• Constant attention from you (you’re their only companion)
• More behavioral management (boredom/loneliness issues)
• More training challenges (anxiety-based problems)
• You as the primary source of exercise and stimulation
• More stress management overall

Two bonded dogs:

• Entertain each other (less demanding on you)
• Burn energy together (appropriate play)
• Support each other emotionally (more confident)
• Fewer behavior problems (happier dogs)
• Actually easier on you in many ways

Training time: Yes, you need to train each dog individually. But you’re going through puppyhood ONCE with both dogs, not twice with years in between.

Cost: Higher upfront, but similar or less long-term (you’d get a second dog eventually anyway).

Daily care: Feeding two dogs doesn’t take twice as long as feeding one. Same with most daily tasks.

What if one dog dies or gets injured later?

This is a legitimate concern and one of the reasons people want to stagger their dogs’ ages.

Here’s what I’ve learned:

When you have a bonded pair and one passes away or is injured long-term, yes, the remaining dog grieves and struggles. That’s real.

But:

• That struggle is temporary (weeks to months, not permanent)
• You can then add a new compatible partner
• The remaining dog is mature and can help mentor a younger dog at that point
• This is MUCH better than a dog spending their entire youth alone

Don’t make your dog’s entire life harder to avoid potential grief later.

It’s like saying you won’t have children close in age because one might die, and the other would be sad. Yes, that’s possible. But you don’t make them grow up as only children to avoid potential future grief.

Plus: Having two dogs means less chance of total loss. If one is injured, you still have protection while they recover. With one dog, you have nothing.

What If I Already Have Another Dog?

First, let me clarify: Are you getting your LGD to guard livestock, or as a companion/pet dog?

If you’re getting a Maremma as a companion dog (no livestock duties):

This is a completely different situation from what I’m addressing on this page.

An LGD living in the house as a family pet with another companion dog is in an excellent situation. They have:

• Constant human interaction
• A dog companion for play and socialization
• Mental stimulation from family life
• No isolation issues

In this case, one LGD with your existing companion dog can work great. You’re not dealing with the “isolated outside dog” problem at all.

My only recommendation: Make sure your dogs are compatible in play style and energy level, and that you’re providing adequate exercise for a large working breed.

If you’re getting your LGD to guard livestock (which is what the rest of this page addresses):

Now we’re in a different scenario. The answer depends on what type of dog you already have and how they’ll interact with your LGD.

I already have a single LGD who’s struggling. Is it too late?

No, it’s not too late!

Many of the success stories I have are from people who added a second dog to a struggling single dog and saw dramatic improvement.

Contact me so we can:

• Discuss your current dog’s age, temperament, and issues
• Identify potential compatible partners
• Create an integration plan
• Give both dogs the social structure they need

Loneliness-based behavior problems often improve significantly once the dog has an appropriate companion.

But act sooner rather than later: The longer a dog practices unwanted behaviors, the more ingrained they become. Adding a partner helps, but it isn’t a magic fix for years of established habits.

What if I really, truly can only afford one dog right now?

I understand financial constraints are real.

Here are your options:

Option 1: Adjust your timeline

• Wait 6-12 months while you save
• Then get two puppies at once
• This is hard emotionally (waiting) and could endanger your livestock, but it sets you up for success

Option 2: Consider an adult pair

• Immediate protection (may pay for themselves faster in preventing losses)
• No puppy raising costs/time

Option 3: Finance your LGD

• It could be less expensive, long-term, than losing valuable livestock to predators

Option 4: Proceed with one dog

• Accept all risks outlined above
• Have a concrete plan for adding a second within 6 months
• Budget for potential behavior problems and livestock losses

What I don’t recommend: Getting one dog with no plan for a second, hoping it works out.

Remember: The “cheaper” option often costs more in the long run when you factor in problems, stress, and eventually buying a second dog anyway.

How do I choose between two puppies vs an adult pair?

Choose two puppies if:

• You want to raise dogs from scratch
• You enjoy the puppy stage
• Immediate protection isn’t critical
• You have time to invest in training
• You want maximum bonding with your dogs
• Predator pressure is moderate (you can wait for maturity)

Choose an adult pair if:

• You need protection NOW
• High predator pressure (active losses)
• You don’t want to deal with puppy raising
• You’re experienced with dogs
• You want immediate functionality
• Time is more valuable than money to you

Both are excellent options. It’s about your specific situation, timeline, and preferences.

Can I Get Just One Maremma as a Family Pet (No Livestock)?

Yes, absolutely—this entire page is written for people using LGDs to guard livestock, not for people getting a Maremma as a companion dog.

If you’re getting a Maremma as a family pet with no livestock guarding duties, the situation is completely different:

A single Maremma living in the house as a companion can work well if:

• You’re home most of the time (work from home, retired, etc.)
• You’re committed to daily exercise (long walks, activities)
• You provide mental stimulation (training, engagement, puzzle toys)
• The dog is included in family life
• You’re not leaving them alone for 8+ hours daily
• You understand the breed’s independent nature and specific needs

However, even as companion dogs, Maremmas (like all dogs) benefit from having another dog in the home:

• Dogs entertain each other when you’re busy
• They provide companionship when you’re away
• Play and social interaction with appropriate partners
• Better overall quality of life

So while a single Maremma as a companion CAN work, two dogs (whether both Maremmas or one Maremma plus another breed) is still better for your dog’s wellbeing.

The critical difference: A companion dog gets constant human interaction, mental stimulation, and inclusion in family life. They’re not isolated outside 24/7 with only livestock.

Everything else on this page about needing two dogs is specifically addressing the “LGD living outside guarding livestock” scenario, where isolation and lack of appropriate companionship creates serious welfare and behavior issues.

If you’re getting a companion Maremma, you’re not facing those same challenges.

What if my situation is unique/complicated?

Then let’s talk!

Every situation is different. I’ve placed dogs in:

• Tiny suburban yards with chickens
• Massive ranches with hundreds of sheep
• Everything in between

I’ve worked with:

• First-time dog owners
• Experienced livestock guardians
• Elderly people
• Families with young children
• Retirees
• Every scenario imaginable

Schedule a consultation and we’ll figure out what makes sense for YOUR specific situation.

I’m not trying to force everyone into the same box. I’m trying to help you succeed with the dogs that fit your life.

A Final Word From Kim

I know this page has been direct. Maybe uncomfortably so.

But I’m not writing this to make you feel bad or to pressure you into buying more dogs from me.

I’m writing this because I’ve seen the same pattern play out too many times:

A well-meaning family gets one dog. The dog struggles. The family struggles. Everyone’s stressed. Eventually they add a second dog and suddenly everything clicks. And they tell me, “I wish we’d just listened to you from the start.”

I’m trying to save you from being that family.

After placing over 150 Maremmas since 2016, I’ve learned that the single most important factor in success isn’t the individual dog’s quality (though that matters). It isn’t the training program (though that matters too).

It’s whether the dog has a partner.

Everything else can be figured out. Training challenges can be overcome. Property setup can be adjusted.

But a lonely dog will always struggle. That’s not something training can fix.

So yes, I’m going to keep recommending two dogs. I’m going to be direct about what happens when people don’t listen. I’m going to tell you stories that are hard to hear.

Because I care more about your success and your dog’s welfare than I care about being liked or making an easy sale.

If that approach doesn’t resonate with you, that’s okay. There are other breeders who will tell you what you want to hear.

But if you want a breeder who will tell you the truth—even when it’s uncomfortable—and who will support you through whatever challenges arise, then I’m here.

Let’s set you up for success from day one.

Kim
Prancing Pony Farm
Breeding and training Maremma Sheepdogs since 2016